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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">If anyone is interested in concurrent use (or Bigfoot sightings), feel free to check out the article Vince Frantz and I wrote for the ABA\u2019s
<i>Franchise Law Journal</i> \u2013 scroll to page 215: <a href="https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/franchising_law_journal/franchiselawfall21.pdf">
https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/franchising_law_journal/franchiselawfall21.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">__________________________</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Tom Vanderbloemen<br>
Vanderbloemen Law Firm, P.A.<br>
330 East Coffee Street<br>
Greenville, SC 29601<br>
864-250-9530 (main)<br>
864-501-2627 (direct)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><a href="http://www.vanderbloemenlaw.com" title="http://www.vanderbloemenlaw.com/"><span style="color:#0563C1">www.vanderbloemenlaw.com</span></a> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Follow us on <a href="http://linkedin.com/company/vanderbloemen-law-firm" title="http://linkedin.com/company/vanderbloemen-law-firm"><span style="color:#0563C1">LinkedIn</span></a> and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/vanderbloemenlawfirm/"><span style="color:#0563C1">Instagram</span></a></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">E-trademarks <e-trademarks-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com> on behalf of Davis, Ted via E-trademarks <e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Friday, July 18, 2025 at 7:09</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">\u202f</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">PM<br>
<b>To: </b>For trademark practitioners. This is not for laypersons to seek legal advice. <e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com>, Annette Heller <tmattorneyheller@aol.com><br>
<b>Cc: </b>Davis, Ted <TDavis@ktslaw.com>, ericab@ebmediate.com <ericab@ebmediate.com><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [E-trademarks] Junior User Filing Federal Registration with Existing Senior Common Law User<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> \u201c[I]n concurrent use proceedings in which neither party owns a registration for the mark, the starting point for any determination as to the extent to which the registrations are to be territorially
restricted should be . . . that the prior user is prima facie entitled to a registration covering the entire United States.\u201d
<i>In re Beatrice Foods Co</i>., 429 F.2d 466, 474 (C.C.P.A. 1970). This means that \u201c[a]s a general rule, a prior user of a mark is entitled to a registration covering the entire United States limited only to the extent that the subsequent user can establish
that no likelihood of confusion exists and that it has concurrent rights in its actual area of use, plus its area of natural expansion.\u201d
<i>Pinocchio\u2019s Pizza, Inc. v. Sandra, Inc., </i>11 U.S.P.Q.2d 1227, 1228\u201329 (T.T.A.B. 1989). Plus, of course, there are the Board\u2019s periodic suggestions that a junior user\u2019s adoption of its mark with knowledge of the senior user\u2019s mark will disqualify the
junior user from receiving a concurrent use registration. <i>See, e.g.</i>, <i>Woman's World Shops Inc. v. Lane Bryant Inc.</i>, 5 U.S.P.Q.2d 1985, 1987\u201388 (T.T.A.B. 1988). It\u2019s possible for a dynamic junior user to secure more of the country than a stagnant
senior user, <i>see, e.g.</i>, <i>Boi Na Braza, LLC v. Terra Sul Corp</i>., 110 U.S.P.Q.2d 1386, 1394 (T.T.A.B. 2014) (granting priority of rights to junior user in all but two states), but it would be a mistake for that junior user to initiate a concurrent
use proceeding with the expectation that it necessarily can freeze the senior user in place; in the average case, the opposite outcome will hold.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> Outside the registration context, and depending on the jurisdiction, a junior user either adopting, or expanding the use of, its mark with knowledge of an unregistered senior user\u2019s confusingly
similar mark may be subject to at least injunctive relief under the <i>Tea Rose-Rectanus
</i>Doctrine. <i>Compare Stone Creek, Inc. v. Omnia Italian Design, Inc</i>., 862 F.3d 1131, 1140\u201343 (9th Cir. 2017) (holding that mere knowledge of prior use exposes junior user to liability)
<i>with</i> <i>GTE Corp. v. Williams</i>, 904 F.2d 536, 541 (10th Cir. 1990) (requiring bad faith adoption of mark by junior user).
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</span><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">Ted Davis</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">
<br>
<a href="mailto:TDavis@ktslaw.com"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#838181">TDavis@ktslaw.com</span><br>
</a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">1100 Peachtree Street NE</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">
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</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">Atlanta,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">
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</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">30309-4528</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><br>
</span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">T</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181"> 404 815 6534 | <b>M</b> 404 213 4967 | <b>F</b> 404 541 3172
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</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">3 Times Square</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">
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</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#838181">New York,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> E-trademarks <e-trademarks-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Janet Satterthwaite via E-trademarks<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 18, 2025 5:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com; e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com; Annette Heller <tmattorneyheller@aol.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Janet Satterthwaite <jsatterthwaite@potomaclaw.com>; ericab@ebmediate.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [E-trademarks] Junior User Filing Federal Registration with Existing Senior Common Law User</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:1.0pt;color:white">I assume the junior user adopted in good faith and was unaware of the senior remote user at the time of adoption. I have seen done something similar, claiming in the declaration that the applicant
knows of no prior rights holder except possibly</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">I assume the junior user adopted in good faith and was unaware of the senior remote user at the time of adoption. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">I have seen done something similar, claiming in the declaration that the applicant knows of no prior rights holder except possibly x county, but if you want to
lock down the junior user's right to expand, I think you have to file a concurrent use application, which gets litigated before the TTAB. Then you lock in the senior user's footprint and you get the presumptive right to the rest of the country. They can come
in and litigate the extent of their footprint, so there would be discovery etc.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="elementtoproof"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#666699">Janet F. Satterthwaite</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:gray">|</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#999999">Partner/
Chair, Trademark Practice|Potomac Law Group, PLLC</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="elementtoproof" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7C869A;background:white">1717 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1025 </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="elementtoproof" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7C869A;background:white">Washington, D.C. 20006</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="elementtoproof" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7C869A;background:white">202-486-1578</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="elementtoproof"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:gray"><a href="mailto:jsatterthwaite@potomaclaw.com">jsatterthwaite@potomaclaw.com</a>|<a href="https://www.potomaclaw.com" title="https://www.potomaclaw.com">www.potomaclaw.com</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> E-trademarks <<a href="mailto:e-trademarks-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com</a>>
on behalf of Annette Heller via E-trademarks <<a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 18, 2025 4:55 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a> <<a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a> <<a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Annette Heller <<a href="mailto:tmattorneyheller@aol.com">tmattorneyheller@aol.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:ericab@ebmediate.com">ericab@ebmediate.com</a> <<a href="mailto:ericab@ebmediate.com">ericab@ebmediate.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [E-trademarks] Junior User Filing Federal Registration with Existing Senior Common Law User</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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</span>External email, do not click on links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender\u2019s full email address and expect the attachments.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">If the junior user is aware of the senior user and where they are using the mark, then when the junior user files the application, the junior user sets out the area it is not claiming
rights to and list the other party information.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">That is what I have done in the past.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Annette</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Annette P. Heller<br>
Trademark/Copyright Attorney<br>
TM Law & Associates<br>
400 Chesterfield Center Ste 400<br>
Chesterfield [St Louis] MO 63017<br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.trademarkatty.com_&d=DwMFaQ&c=euGZstcaTDllvimEN8b7jXrwqOf-v5A_CdpgnVfiiMM&r=BD_ODyCnGyM4QYkJS4ogIYzIigAHSpBLLoEgzCd9OOE&m=MP8vYj8B1f05BsU2H22nWPy0Cj-p7cU3DV7CsEIoFk4VOVV_qLLx9XgjARl4mZHP&s=LqTUyud1xR0d7vzNcjqikidAWUufw5eG4-QfMMynRmw&e=" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">www.TrademarkAtty.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
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314-469-2610 Fax 314-469-4850</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">In a message dated 7/18/2025 3:51:36 PM Central Daylight Time,
<a href="mailto:e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com">e-trademarks@oppedahl-lists.com</a> writes:
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Can someone remind me of the rule that allows a junior user to file a federal registration even if there is an existing senior common law user, where the senior\u2019s use is in just 1 or 2 states?
I assume the registration is subject to the senior user\u2019s geographic common law rights. Must the junior user be
<em><span style="font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">unaware</span></em> of the senior user when filing the application, or the junior user can be aware, but just refrain from infringing the senior user\u2019s common law rights in the senior\u2019s geographic area? Can
the senior user try to cancel the junior\u2019s registration, or just enforce its geographic common law rights? Thanks!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Erica Bristol, Esq., Mediator</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><img border="0" width="112" height="36" style="width:1.1666in;height:.375in" id="x_yiv1063688599Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image002.jpg@01DBF807.82C46490"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">16133 Ventura Boulevard</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">7th Floor</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Encino, California 91436</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Phone <span style="color:blue">(818) 753-2326</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Fax <span style="color:blue">(818) 753-2310</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Cell <span style="color:blue">(818) 744-3407</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><a href="mailto:ericab@ebmediate.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">ericab@ebmediate.com</span></a><br>
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ebmediate.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=euGZstcaTDllvimEN8b7jXrwqOf-v5A_CdpgnVfiiMM&r=BD_ODyCnGyM4QYkJS4ogIYzIigAHSpBLLoEgzCd9OOE&m=MP8vYj8B1f05BsU2H22nWPy0Cj-p7cU3DV7CsEIoFk4VOVV_qLLx9XgjARl4mZHP&s=F4OV3Wh8C35q4rJhhSWYpIA6YJR9JVmn3qSoPmCdXHo&e=" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">www.ebmediate.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"><span style="color:black">This e-mail message, together with any attachments, is for the viewing and use only of the individual or entity to which it is intended to be addressed. It may contain information that is confidential,
privileged and/or prohibited from disclosure. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, copying or use of this message, attachments or contents is strictly prohibited. If you received this e-mail in error, please
notify the original sender at </span><span style="color:#0078D4">(818) 744-3407</span><span style="color:black"> and delete/destroy this e-mail, along with any attachments. Thank you.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xyiv1063688599msonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">--
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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