<div dir="ltr"><div>I would not take the approach Rich recommends. If you charge for proofreading, you give an implied warranty.</div><div><br></div><div>But you cannot warrant this. Because of the inherent design of DOCX, <i><b>you cannot know what the PTO received</b></i>. Any DOCX you review on your computer is necessarily <b>on your computer</b>. That gives you exactly zero insight into what the very same bits will yield on the PTO's computers.<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jan 18, 2024 at 4:01 PM Richard Straussman via Patentcenter <<a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank">patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Some of those, especially
"one off" clients, can find a new attorney. For larger clients, I
am trying to work up a form along the lines of something like
this: <br>
<br>
If you want to file in DOCX, we must have the application complete
and ready to file at least 5 days before any due date, we will
charge to review the PTO created D2 file at the fixed rate of $50
per text application page and surcharge and additional $25 on top
for reviewing of each formula, table and per page of pseudo code
or source code listing (we don't do chemical or biotech cases).
We will also create and upload an Auxiliary PDF and retain that
file and the message digest for that file for a fixed fee of
$250. <br>
<br>
Alternatively, they must agree to the filing of a provisional
application in PDF first (and pay our fee and the Official Fee for
doing so) and we will file the DOCX the next day that expressly
incorporates the provisional by reference in its entirety.<br>
<br>
We will also provide and send, with the application and
declaration, a form that the Applicant MUST sign acknowledging all
of the problems</font><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> and explaining the risks
(to them and us)</font> associated with any DOCX filing with or
without the Auxiliary PDF or pre-filed provisional, and that
expressly states that we absolutely ONLY recommend filing in PDF,
NEVER in DOCX, and that, if they insist on DOCX, they
affirmatively acknowledge that they are acting <u>directly
contrary to our express legal advice </u>
and, thus, while we will, thereafter, file in that form as a
courtesy, thereafter, they assume all responsibility for all
negatives that result from that form of filing. Those per-page
charges will be itemized in the sent form and will ALWAYS result
in much greater than the $400 surcharge (unless the application is
less than 8 pages of pure text without an Aux file) or 3 pages
with one (a size I have only filed once in 30 years of practice
and, in which case (due to my practice areas) the risks are
probably non-existent), so if they opt for the DOCX route, "stupid
is as stupid does." If they refuse, then it is "sorry, get new
counsel time."<br>
<br>
</font>
<div>
<span><strong>Richard Straussman</strong></span><span><span><strong><br>
</strong></span> </span><strong><span>Senior
Counsel</span><span><strong><br>
</strong></span> <span>Registered Patent Attorney</span><span><br>
</span></strong> <span>Member NY, NJ & CT Bars</span><span><br>
</span> <span><strong>. . . . . . . . . . . . . .</strong></span>
<span></span> <span><br>
</span> <span><strong>Weitzman Law Offices, LLC</strong></span><span><span><br>
</span> <span><strong>Intellectual Property Law</strong></span><span><br>
</span> <span>425 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 401
(PLEASE NOTE THE SUITE CHANGE)</span><span><br>
</span> <span>Roseland, NJ 07068</span><span><br>
</span> <span><strong>direct line</strong></span> <span>973.403.9943<br>
</span> <span><strong>main</strong></span> <span>973.403.9940<br>
</span> <span><strong>fax</strong></span><span></span> <span>973.403.9944</span><span><br>
</span> <span><strong>e-mail</strong></span><span></span> <span><a href="mailto:rstraussman@weitzmanip.com" target="_blank">rstraussman@weitzmanip.com</a></span><span><br>
<br>
</span> <span><strong><a href="http://www.weitzmanip.com/" target="_blank">http://www.weitzmanip.com</a><br>
</strong></span> <span><br>
</span><br>
<br>
<br>
</span>
</div>
<div>On 1/18/2024 3:31 PM, Randall Svihla
via Patentcenter wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span>Not every firm has clients who will agree to
pay the $400 non-DOCX surcharge regardless of the parade
of <span>horribles</span>.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div style="border-color:rgb(225,225,225) currentcolor currentcolor;border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span>From:</span></font></b><span> Patentcenter
<a href="mailto:patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com></a>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">On Behalf Of </span></b>David
Boundy via Patentcenter<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Thursday, January 18, 2024 3:28 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> For bug
reports, feature requests, and tips and tricks about
Patent Center. <a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b> David
Boundy <a href="mailto:DavidBoundyEsq@gmail.com" target="_blank"><DavidBoundyEsq@gmail.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re:
[Patentcenter] Declarations and DOCX filing<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div id="m_-7806230092778126326m_-1964162874824305034gmail-:4b3">
<div id="m_-7806230092778126326m_-1964162874824305034gmail-:2uh">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">I agree with Rich. My
firm has issued a policy that we only file in
PDF. If a client wants DOCX, we give them a
parade of horribles, and tell them that if they
want to save $400, they must give us
instructions in writing, and acknowledge all the
costs of all the horribles. Any nitwit can see
that all the excess costs will be close to,
perhaps above, $400 for even best-case
applications, and any single high cost example
will drive the average far above $400. I'll
let you know in a couple months if anyone
accepts the offer.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">On Thu, Jan 18, 2024 at
3:16 PM Richard Straussman via Patentcenter <<a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank">patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com</a>>
wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium medium 1pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="2" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Much
better to simply not file in DOCX (of course, its
your license at risk, not to mention the value of
any patent that might issue).</span></font><u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><strong><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Richard
Straussman</span></font></b></strong><b><span style="font-weight:bold"><br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Senior
Counsel</span></font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Registered
Patent Attorney</span></font></b></strong><br>
</span></b>Member NY, NJ & CT Bars<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .</span></font></b></strong>
<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Weitzman
Law Offices, LLC</span></font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Intellectual
Property Law</span></font></b></strong><br>
425 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 401 (PLEASE NOTE THE
SUITE CHANGE)<br>
Roseland, NJ 07068<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">direct
line</span></font></b></strong> 973.403.9943<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">main</span></font></b></strong>
973.403.9940<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">fax</span></font></b></strong>
973.403.9944<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">e-mail</span></font></b></strong>
<a href="mailto:rstraussman@weitzmanip.com" target="_blank">rstraussman@weitzmanip.com</a><br>
<br>
<strong><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="http://www.weitzmanip.com/" target="_blank">http://www.weitzmanip.com</a></span></font></b></strong><b><span style="font-weight:bold"><br>
</span></b><br>
<br>
<br>
<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">On 1/18/2024 3:04 PM,
Benjamin Keim via Patentcenter wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">For those applications
that are filed in DOCX, it bothers me that the
document reviewed by the inventors when they
decide to sign the declaration is not the
document that is saved in Patent Center. <u></u>
<u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">For PDF filings we
would send the inventors the PDF document and
the declaration form. They would choose to sign
the declaration if they agreed what was in the
PDF specification and drawings was their
invention. We would upload the documents
reviewed by the inventors and they would be
saved in the USPTO’s electronic system. I
suppose it wasn’t actually the documents
reviewed by the inventors because the PDFs were
changed by flattening each page to a TIFF image
and reassembling as a PDF. But all the ink on
the page would be the same but for some
halftoning degradation.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">The USPTO declaration
form PTO/AIA/01 for declarations included with
the initial filing has the language “As the
below named inventor, I hereby declare that:
This declaration is directed to: The attached
application.” What the inventor considers as the
“attached application” may be different than
what becomes the record copy in Patent Center.
Does this open up the inventors to risk of fine
or imprisonment (or both) if the USPTO systems
change something significant in the DOCX file?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">I’m thinking about
creating a declaration form that lists the file
name, file size, and SHA-512 hash of the
documents (spec and drawings) provided to the
inventors. My intention for this would be to
unambiguously link the documents reviewed by the
inventors with their statements made in the
declaration.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">-Ben<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">Benjamin A. Keim<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">(206) 920-9038<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#0563c1"><span style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(5,99,193)"><a href="mailto:ben@newportip.com" target="_blank"><font color="#0563c1"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">ben@newportip.com</span></font></a></span></font></u><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0in 0in;border-color:currentcolor">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b>
Patentcenter
<a href="mailto:patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com></a>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">On Behalf Of </span></b>Carl
Oppedahl via Patentcenter<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Thursday, January 18, 2024 9:01 AM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
For bug reports, feature requests, and tips and
tricks about Patent Center.
<a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b>
Carl Oppedahl <a href="mailto:carl@oppedahl.com" target="_blank">
<carl@oppedahl.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
Re: [Patentcenter] Faxes to the PTO - some
legacy things do work<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">Yeah, I imagine most
practitioners do always file the declaration
with the application. I imagine I am quite out
of the ordinary, having to hand in inventors'
declarations later.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">What happens to me is,
I keep fiddling with the text of the patent
application, particularly the claims, with
multiple version changes leading up to the
moment, late in the day on the last possible
day, that I click "submit" and e-file it at the
patent office.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">The inventor
declaration of course is tied to the notion that
the signer has reviewed the patent application
that is going to be filed, and agrees that he or
she is an inventor thereof. But in my case,
given that the exact wording of the application
kept wriggling around until the very end, there
is no way the inventor could be expected to sign
such a thing until after the wriggling had
ceased. Which means, no way could the inventor
even sign the declaration until chronologically
after the filing of the application had taken
place.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">Yet another thing that
happens to me is, the instructions come in from
foreign instructing counsel to please get
something filed at the USPTO. So I prepare
inventor declarations and send them to
instructing counsel. The signed declarations do
not arrive until some days later, long after the
US patent application got filed. Which means,
no way could I managed to file the declaration
with the application.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">On 1/18/2024 8:49 AM,
Randall Svihla via Patentcenter wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">We
always file the declaration with the
application.</span></font><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></font><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span></font><u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0in 0in;border-color:currentcolor">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b>
Patentcenter
<a href="mailto:patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com></a>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">On Behalf Of
</span></b>Roger Browdy via Patentcenter<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Thursday, January 18, 2024 10:34 AM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
For bug reports, feature requests, and tips
and tricks about Patent Center.
<a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b>
Roger Browdy <a href="mailto:RLBrowdy@browdyneimark.com" target="_blank">
<RLBrowdy@browdyneimark.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
Re: [Patentcenter] Faxes to the PTO - some
legacy things do work<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">I don’t think it is a
joke. I bet there was a huge volume of
applications filed Tuesday night to avoid the
DOCX tax. We had to file one late at night
and had a hell of a time trying to do so.
Couldn’t file the assignment/dec forms with
EPAS because of the problems and couldn’t get
back into PC to file the declaration directly,
so have to pay the surcharge for late filing
of declaration because of the PTO problems.
In a fair world, we would be able to get that
refunded.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">Roger<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0in 0in;border-color:currentcolor">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b>
Patentcenter
<a href="mailto:patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com></a>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">On Behalf Of
</span></b>Patent Lawyer via Patentcenter<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Thursday, January 18, 2024 10:25 AM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
For bug reports, feature requests, and tips
and tricks about Patent Center.
<a href="mailto:patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank"><patentcenter@oppedahl-lists.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b>
Patent Lawyer <a href="mailto:patentlawyer995@gmail.com" target="_blank">
<patentlawyer995@gmail.com></a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
[Patentcenter] Faxes to the PTO - some legacy
things do work<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">There was recent
discussion about faxes to the PTO and return
faxes from the PTO.
<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">Because of
yesterday’s shit show with Patent Center and
because of other deficiencies in Patent
Center, I had to fax four separate submissions
to the PTO last night.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">I did receive
acknowledgment faxes back from the PTO for
each submission. So, that legacy
functionality is still there, and it still
worked for me. (I hope the PTO lurkers on
this list don’t go and turn it off!)<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">I use a service
called eFax. It is not free.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">PS. I am still
laughing at Sandra E’s joke about DDOS being
just normal filers filing in a volume the
system can’t handle.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11pt">--
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Sans" color="#667fa0"><span><a href="https://www.iam-media.com/strategy300/individuals/david-boundy" target="_blank"><font color="#667fa0"><span style="color:rgb(102,127,160);border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in;text-decoration:none"><img id="m_-7806230092778126326m_-1964162874824305034Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:ii_18d1e61be70bee2ed7e1" alt="Image
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<p style="margin:0in;text-align:start"><b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#606e9a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(96,110,154);font-weight:bold">David
Boundy </span></font></b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)">|
Partner <span style="background:white">| </span>Potomac Law Group, PLLC</span></font><font size="3" face="Arial" color="#323130"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(50,49,48)"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in;text-align:start"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)">P.O.
Box 590638,
Newton, MA
02459</span></font><font size="3" face="Arial" color="#323130"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(50,49,48)"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)">Tel
(646) 472-9737 </span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="gray"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:gray">|</span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)"> Fax:
(202) 318-7707</span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><u><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0c64c0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(12,100,192)"><a href="mailto:dboundy@potomaclaw.com" title="mailto:dboundy@potomaclaw.com" target="_blank"><font color="#fe46a5"><span style="color:rgb(254,70,165)">dboundy@potomaclaw.com</span></font></a></span></font></u><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0c64c0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(12,100,192)"> </span></font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)">| <u><a href="http://www.potomaclaw.com" title="http://www.potomaclaw.com/" target="_blank"><font color="#0c64c0"><span style="color:rgb(12,100,192)">www.potomaclaw.com</span></font></a></u></span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7c869a"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:rgb(124,134,154)"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:10pt"><a href="http://ssrn.com/author=2936470" target="_blank">Articles at http://ssrn.com/author=2936470</a><a href="https://www.keynect.us/requestCardAccess/USA500DBOUN?" target="_blank"><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><br>
</span></font></a><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:10pt"><a href="https://www.keynect.us/requestCardAccess/USA500DBOUN?" target="_blank"><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">Click
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<b><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(96,110,154)">David Boundy </span></b><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(124,134,154)">| Partner </span><span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(124,134,154)"><span style="margin:0px;background-color:white;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">|</span><span style="margin:0px;background-color:white"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(124,134,154)">Potomac Law
Group, PLLC</span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(124,134,154)">P.O. Box 590638, Newton, MA 02459</span></p>
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<p style="margin:0px;color:rgb(124,134,154);font-size:13px;font-family:Helvetica,serif,EmojiFont">
<span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt"></span><span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:12pt"><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7C869A"><span style="margin:0px"><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt"><span style="margin:0px">Tel
(646)</span><span style="margin:0px"> 472-9737</span></span><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt"> </span></span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="gray"><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt">|</span></font><font size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#7C869A"><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt"> Fax:
(202) 318-7707</span></font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;color:rgb(124,134,154);font-size:13px;font-family:Helvetica,serif,EmojiFont">
<span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:12pt"><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt;color:rgb(12,100,192)"><u><a href="mailto:dboundy@potomaclaw.com" title="mailto:dboundy@potomaclaw.com" style="color:rgb(254,70,165)" target="_blank">dboundy@potomaclaw.com</a></u> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;color:gray"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:12pt"><u><span style="margin:0px;font-size:10pt"></span></u></span></span><span style="margin:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:10pt">| </span><u style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><a href="http://www.potomaclaw.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="http://www.potomaclaw.com/" style="margin:0px" target="_blank"><span style="margin:0px;color:rgb(12,100,192)">www.potomaclaw.com</span></a></u></p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><font size="2">
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">
</span><a href="http://ssrn.com/author=2936470" target="_blank">Articles at http://ssrn.com/author=2936470</a><a href="https://www.keynect.us/requestCardAccess/USA500DBOUN?" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext"><br></span></a></p><p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><a href="https://www.keynect.us/requestCardAccess/USA500DBOUN?" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">Click here to add me to your
contacts.</span></a></p></font></span></span></span></span></span><p style="margin:0px 0px 10px;color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif,Arial;font-size:14px"><span style="font-weight:700"></span></p></span></span><font size="1"><span style="line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span><font size="1"><span style="line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span><span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>