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<div dir="ltr"><font face="serif" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Stan Kremen asked whether the </font><span style="text-decoration: none; font-family: serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">preponderance of the evidence </span><font face="serif" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">standard
for an IPR rather than clear & convincing evidence has ever been challenged in court. As best I know, the answer is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b><i>no</i></b>, but detailed briefs to that effect were filed with SCOTUS and the PTAB.</font><span style="text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span>
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<div style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">The first occasion was on August 31, 2017, when we filed an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://patentdocs.typepad.com/files/16-712-tsac-ieee-usa.pdf#page=28" data-outlook-id="a2197157-3b9e-4799-a581-5272854e9be2" data-linkindex="0" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 240);">IEEE-USA<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>amicus</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>brief</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that
I authored in the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Oil States</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>case before the SCOTUS. Section III of our brief provides authorities and explaining why the preponderance of evidence standard in 35
U.S.C. § 316(e) is \u201ca constitutionally defective evidentiary standard.\u201d I showed that the application of of this standard in IPR proceeding violates the patent holder's Due Process rights as being too lax to make reasonable assurance of accurate fact-finding.
"The function of a standard of proof, as that concept is embodied in the Due Process Clause and in the realm of fact-finding, is to instruct the factfinder concerning the degree of confidence our society thinks he should have in the correctness of factual
conclusions for a particular type of adjudication."<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Addington v. Texas</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>441 U.S. 418, 423 (1979). The standard of proof depends solely on the relative<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i><b>disparity</b></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of
the parties\u2019 countervailing risks of adjudication errors against them. The presumption of patent validity under the clear & convincing evidence standard is an immutable adjudicatory standard matched to the large asymmetry in the countervailing risks to the
litigants due to factfinder errors in patent validity determinations. When the factfinder erroneously upholds an invalid patent, the patent challenger risks the unjust loss of damage award only for his own infringement, whereas when the factfinder erroneously
finds a valid patent to be invalid, the patent holder risks the unjust loss of his rights to damage awards not only from the patent challenger but also from hundreds of infringers or licensees. He also unjustly loses his trade secret, enriching the public
with a disclosure of his invention that was published upon consummation of the patent bargain. That is why proof against him must be at the heightened standard of clear & convincing evidence. </font></div>
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<div class="WordSection1">
<div><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">This constitutional argument was not raised by the parties and therefore the SCOTUS decision in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Oil States</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>did not address
the issue.</font></div>
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<div><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">The second occasion that this constitutional argument was raised was at the PTAB by the Patent Owner's response on <a href="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/ptab-filings%2FIPR2020-00995%2F23#page=48" data-outlook-id="97a9ab62-1dfc-46c9-bf7d-6b442ca369ca" data-linkindex="1" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 240);">March
3, 2021 in IPR2020-00995</a>. Section V of the response provides an updated detailed analysis, further distinguishing the argument from the constitutional case in <i>Celgene Corp. v. Peter</i>, 931 F.3d 1342, 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2019). </font></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5"><span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The PTAB had no authority to consider the constitutionality of </span>§ 316(e) and simply passed on the issue.
The Patent Owner <span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Appealed to the Federal Circuit in Case No. </span><span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2022-1357 on January 11, </span><span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2022.
However, the case was not briefed as the Patent Owner </span><span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">voluntarily dismissed the appeal pursuant to FRAP 42(b) on</span> <span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April
22, 2022, for other reasons.</span><span data-ogsb="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">I believe you do not need to have raised this constitutional issue at the PTAB and can do so for the first time at the Federal Circuit. This is because the PTAB cannot decide the constitutionality
of its own statute. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">Best,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="serif" style="line-height:1.5">Ron</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5">-------------------------------------------------------</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5">Ron D. Katznelson, Ph.D.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5">2020 Chairman, </span></i></b><i><b><a href="https://ieeeusa.org/volunteers/committees/ipc/" data-outlook-id="1607b0fa-29bf-440c-beed-f50b4969604e" data-linkindex="2" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 240);">IEEE-USA
IP Committee</a></b></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5">Office:</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5"> <span dir="ltr" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 240);">760 753-0668</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;line-height:1.5"><b>Email: </b><a href="http://rkatznelson@roadrunner.com/" data-outlook-id="49655cc1-f6aa-4b64-98a2-7242005e7960" data-linkindex="3" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 240);">rkatznelson@roadrunner.com</a> <b> </b></span></i></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><b>From:</b> Patentpractice <patentpractice-bounces@oppedahl-lists.com> on behalf of David Boundy via Patentpractice <patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 16, 2025 6:26 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> For patent practitioners. This is not for laypersons to seek legal advice. <patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com>; Stanley H. Kremen <shk@shk-dplc.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> David Boundy <DavidBoundyEsq@gmail.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Patentpractice] Appeal from PTAB Decision
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<div>Look at any Federal Circuit case. Every single one starts with standard of review.</div>
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<div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep 16, 2025 at 2:14\u202fPM Stanley H. Kremen via Patentpractice <<a href="mailto:patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com">patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
Colleagues:<br>
<br>
What are the general grounds for appeal from an IPR decision. Would PTAB misinterpreting claims be adequate grounds. Also, has the statute setting the evidentiary standard for an IPR to preponderance of the evidence rather than clear and convincing ever been
challenged at the Fed. Circuit or at SCOTUS?<br>
<br>
Stan Kremen <br>
Sent from my iPhone<br>
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