<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div><div>To amplify Dan Feigelson's post, it's really important to know how domestic benefit, international priority, and PCT national phase are the same (not very much) and how they're different. If you see any bugs in this, please let me know!</div><div><br></div><div>
<p><span><span> </span></span>U.S. § 120 benefit is a completely
different thing than Paris Convention Art. 4 priority. And § 371
national phase entry is a third entirely different thing. They serve
different purposes, and the public policy tradeoffs are different. <span>That
leads to rules that are completely different. It isn't a difference of
degree; it's conceptual and cultural incompatibility. The things that
matter are completely different</span>.<span> </span>They are as
different as written description vs. enablement\u2014you cannot transfer what
you know about one to the context of the other<span>:</span>
</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:9in;border-collapse:collapse" width="864">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border:2.25pt solid;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center">
<b>Benefit under U.S. § 120 (either U.S.-to-U.S. or a PCT bypass)</b>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt medium;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center">
<b>Priority under Paris Convention Art. 4</b>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:2.25pt 2.25pt 2.25pt medium;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center">
<b>U.S. National Phase entry (not a new application) under § 371 (non-bypass)</b>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of pendency. That can last up to 20 years.
Applications can link in a chain, as long as there's copendency at each
link--the latest application need not be copending with the earliest, if
the middle links establish copendency.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Twelve months from the <b>earliest</b> application (Art.
4(C)(2), with the qualifications of Art. 4(C)(4)), \u201cwhatever may be the
subsequent fate of the application\u201d (Art. 4(A)(3)). Copendency is <b>irrelevant</b>.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Within 30 months of the earliest priority date.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of inventorship, overlap of at least one inventor. At
least one inventor must be continuous end-to-end. Continuity of
applicant or assignee is irrelevant.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of applicant (same applicant or successor in title) (Art. 4(A)(1)). Continuity of inventorship is irrelevant.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of applicant for any Paris Convention claims during the
first year, and continuity of inventorship from PCT international phase
to U.S. national phase.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of disclosure. A § 120 continuation-in-part can add new
matter. Continuity of disclosure must exist throughout the chain,
end-to-end: you can't have disclosure in A, drop it in B, then bring it
back in C. In the U.S., continuity of disclosure can be achieved via
incorporation by reference.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Essentially similar, subject to (a) the daughter jurisdiction's
analogs of U.S. § 112(a) written description and enablement (which tend
to be stricter than U.S. law), and (b) the daughter jurisdiction's rules
for CIP's (in most countries, limited to one year from earliest filing)
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A § 371 national phase entry is <b>not</b> a new application; it is the <b>same</b>
application (§ 363) with a new serial number (and new rules for form --
PCT Rule 11 swaps out, 37 C.F.R. § 1.52 swaps in). Because the § 371 <i><b>is</b></i> the PCT application, this is satisfied trivially. No possibility for CIP new matter.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Continuity of benefit claim, including requirement of an ADS. Each
application must claim benefit and priority to all parents.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Essentially the same substantively; procedure differs depending on the procedural law of the daughter jurisdiction.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Same as for U.S. § 111(a).
</p>
<p>
Because the § 371 <i>is</i> the PCT application, this is satisfied trivially.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Day one filing requirements are the same as for a new application:
specification and drawings (which may be satisfied by \u201cfiling by
reference\u201d under 37 C.F.R. § 1.57(a)), plus, in due course,
oath/declaration, fees, ADS, etc.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Essentially similar to column 1
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A § 371 national phase entry is more analogous to an RCE than to a
new filing. All that\u2019s required is a paper that identifies the PCT
application, and pay the base national phase fee. Optionally, you can
pay the search fee and the exam fee, and include an Application Data
Sheet.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
No requirement for certified copy if the parent is either a U.S.
application, or a PCT filed in RO/US. If this is a PCT bypass claiming
priority to a non-RO/US application, certified copy required.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Proactive obligation to file a certified copy within three months,
even if the daughter jurisdiction hasn\u2019t asked for it (Art. 4(D)(3)).
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Each parent follows its own rules. For example, for a U.S. benefit
parent, or a PCT RO/US parent, you don't need a certified copy. For a
non-US-national priority application or a PCT application not filed in
RO/US, you have a proactive obligation to file certified copy within
four months of U.S. national phase entry, or sixteen months from the
\u201cprior foreign application,\u201d even if the U.S. doesn\u2019t ask for it. 37
C.F.R. § 1.55(f)(2)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A daughter application can only claim § 120 benefit from a U.S.
application, or a PCT application designating the United States.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
The parent application must be \u201cequivalent to a regular national
filing under the domestic legislation of any country\u201d but it must be an
\u201cother country\u201d (Art. 4(A)(1) and (3)). No same-country priority claims
under the Paris Convention.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A U.S. § 371 national phase entry <i>is </i>the PCT application (just with a new serial number), and retains exactly the same priority claims as the PCT application.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
To serve as a parent to support a subsequent benefit claim, the
parent must have all filing requirements completed, including payment of
fees. E.g., § 119(e)(2).
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
"Any filing that is equivalent to a regular national filing" as of
its filing date may support a subsequent Paris Convention claim,
"whatever may be the subsequent fate of the application" Art. 4(A)(2)
and (3). To remove an earlier application as a one-year bar, it must be
affirmatively abandoned before the next application in the chain is
filed. Art. 4(C)(4).
</p>
<p>
A provisional for which fees were never paid can serve as basis for
a Paris Convention claim in any country other than the U.S.
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A provisional for which fees were never paid cannot serve as basis for a subsequent benefit
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt;border-style:none solid solid;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
A § 171 design daughter can claim § 120 benefit from a U.S.
national utility application or from a PCT-designating-the-U.S.
application (but not § 119(e) priority from a provisional).
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
Design patents (as \u201dindustrial designs\u201d) have the same priority right, but only for six months (instead of a year)<span> </span> Art. 4(C)(1).
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:3in;border-width:medium 1.5pt 1pt medium;border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:currentcolor;padding:0in 5.75pt" width="288">
<p>
The PCT doesn\u2019t recognize any design right.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Sep 25, 2025 at 5:44\u202fPM Dan Feigelson via Patentpractice <<a href="mailto:patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank">patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><img width="1" height="1" src="https://gcfagjf.r.af.d.sendibt2.com/tr/op/o1hIVN9zRDm4iRFnrYTlprEmjcK3A7lqV0LeBhSTKArZRgDi1jLhF0DcslmhLCGMXoqo7V0FLK7-C3QpOrTDslnonuWfzXBXhuCeDQsEpZLwsuSLG0_C2gawmnY5DMJ_sSA0uiZ93LYfAfT0yLBHhjqMIjfAxHkPmU5bhi3L3vnWA2ED_ZF_dDbjtXDNZKB74QiLSUBcmOQOdDYz-b3NO9nYRjEyKaikYFNM"><div dir="ltr"><div>Karen, I can't say if there's relevant case law on this, but working from first principles, it seems to me that if you're only concerned about the USA, there's no 35 USC 120 governs here, and that section focuses on there being a common <u>inventor</u> between the two applications (in this case, the the provisional and the PCT), not the named applicant. </div><div><br></div><div>"
<span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline;float:none">An application for patent for an invention disclosed in the manner provided by<span> </span></span><b style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><a href="https://gcfagjf.r.af.d.sendibt2.com/tr/cl/uyqt7ErNc9RT951Sw10ErWKC7kmQy1e-56QyEcvFvZVkEZuuhVfNMNpRFTm2w7I5SE5qv4qGzUR23apREQ4n1-JR-WHig4aCwEPQOT_oJ8awXemgNpJYLe3ITPVmxuwPIXFzMLwSyaaf-QSU_eCMUfF5CkZAox9xqWEHBRgws_o408iKzbyk2JM7MWuEMBslMLm3Y8vMfVm5kcR4MJce5PEtae6Gl90MLyeCGHBnKX18rLLsqSlCBWVkY53e1aWi0093B1CgZcUR5a9HLTj2abU_RjmksHpLBJcCb3FHEAPOG1BQwqaud21d2p1nAt4mE1QAdc1vGHE8ZNJ4LEqU2l0e7RKId05J" style="color:rgb(0,140,255);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">section 112(a)</a></b><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline;float:none"> (other than the requirement to disclose the best mode) in an application previously filed in the United States, or as provided by<span> </span></span><b style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><a href="https://gcfagjf.r.af.d.sendibt2.com/tr/cl/jiq2lD8eEiid2-AwpS7Vp1SlqnhB1DULd6tkoDPartI12W2hTR3xNSpgVnX1TB2GiRDntm37iLYEubMUCw8uB6xqr8wDofaRqlZM0rA2dGSnH_C6feOBOpB-dxYR5LE7YMXRH_WUHv7bQd_wMupcjgs99sT02vmxAM-fsO-8G9_3JJDr-wCrtwOxdpZvkyAmQwlf9rgWEh8WwM5tIIM6Ece5b4aG33-uMRuZqAzQJFRu2K23qxmsutrBOylxPZLSkhTMUbm179uEg_nQfvEP4HvdIwUXbLIl8LYb4hFfgvLd0NbfteeAjykpPm_KGp73VpQ0JB2NzAFOd4NqZS69lbGt2pgz1425" style="color:rgb(0,140,255);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">section 363</a></b><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline;float:none"> or<span> </span></span><b style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><a href="https://gcfagjf.r.af.d.sendibt2.com/tr/cl/RKC6E5iTHea2mu3IDCb38DMQkB-Tnph46jRAIx2l1v_ALZi0hY2ycGLa2nzgvHi38cCWd4woZvYN1eddcG5yR-o_ARGnIb0xnhjjdCn1liwSu2UtvOC--OlngXy8QWT5f_jCj5hfsR8z2cf1Xz0-292Xlk_fITiBTj5t1QRtmulTYzPMmc1OBGYCMdNh6AUjv7dG_NsMdkUvxFXaIZjmiUlZKsZLwTz8RV84cu_YoBQCWYYNyPXivBTJZuNvzv3jPryY8rST3JvVzGrgnrAgYy3O5kNU66eNkdEL4q6oU4NmNkdxt_IpUHng4hjFmhW34Jc5vEsVWKTQBHdYJsT1CWQ_8J5LaUjk7p13EwXIEw" style="color:rgb(0,140,255);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">385</a></b><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Verdana;font-size:12.8px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-moz-left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(216,216,216);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline;float:none"> which names an inventor or joint inventor in the previously filed application shall have the same effect, as to such invention, as though filed on the date of the prior application, if filed before the patenting or abandonment of or termination of proceedings on the first application or on an application similarly entitled to the benefit of the filing date of the first application and if it contains or is amended to contain a specific reference to the earlier filed application.</span> * * *"</div><div><br></div><div>So as far as the applicant name goes, I would go with whatever's on the PCT. If there's still time to get the names aligned on the PCT and provisional, then do so (as PL suggested), if not, clean up the mess afterward (as Scott suggests).</div><div><br></div><div>Might be a different story outside the USA, but I gather that's not for you to deal with. </div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Sep 26, 2025 at 12:34\u202fAM Patent Lawyer via Patentpractice <<a href="mailto:patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank">patentpractice@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>How close are you to the 30-month deadline? Do you have 1 day? Can you correct the applicant name tomorrow at WIPO? (Under 92bis PCT \u2014 I am sure others will correct me)<div><br><div><br><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Sep 25, 2025, at 5:25 PM, Karen S. Canady via Pct <<a href="mailto:pct@oppedahl-lists.com" target="_blank">pct@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt">We have been asked to file a US National Stage on short notice and now see that the priority provisional was filed in the name of \u201cThe University of X\u201d whereas the PCT 101 identified the applicant as \u201cUniversity of X\u201d. When you google the university, it states that the legal name is \u201cThe University of X\u201d and that their \u201cpreferred name\u201d is \u201cUniversity of X\u201d.</span></div><div style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"> </span></div><div style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt">We try to always ensure the Applicant name is the same in both documents, but here we are. Does anyone know of TYFOIL or other issues that make this a problem? If so, what is the best version of their name to use for the US National Stage entry? We plan to stick with the name as used in the PCT, but wondering if there is any corrective action we should be taking.</span></div><div style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"> </span></div><div><div style="margin:0in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:rgb(33,33,33)">Karen S. 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