<div dir="ltr"><div>OK, I see. The dates you're asking about are governed by national law in each daughter jurisdiction. So it could well be that country x allows you to disclaim the provisional in the way you contemplate (and thus when you file national stage at 42 months in x, you are welcomed with open arms), and country y doesn't (and says, when you file at 42 months, "too bad so sad. You can't move the filing deadlines in our country via that move.") I have no knowledge of any of that. <br></div><div><br></div><div>The U.S. application--and its entire parentage--is governed by U.S. statutory law, sections 119(e), 120, 361, 365 (from memory). Paris Art 4(A)(1) expressly excludes the rest of Art 4 from same-country-to-same-country priority chains ("<span>in the other countries"). The word "benefit" vs "priority" is a helpful mnemonic to help you keep two things straight, but the real substantive difference is the word "other" in </span>Art 4(A)(1.
</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Jun 8, 2025 at 4:02\u202fPM William Ahmed <<a href="mailto:ahmed.william@ymail.com">ahmed.william@ymail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div></div>
<div dir="ltr">HI David,</div><div dir="ltr">For purposes of Europe and Japan, the Applicant would lose the priority date, and the earliest date would be the date the PCT was filed (i.e. the PCT filing-date)</div><div dir="ltr">The invention was never disclosed during the priority year. 18 month publication was 6 months after the PCT filing-date.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">So the WIPO publication would not hurt the application.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">There is a small risk that someone else filed (or published) during the priority year, but the Applicant has no money for non-US filings, so this is better than nothing.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">BOTTOM LINE --> I am confident for non-USA jurisdictions -- it is QUITE possible to prosecute an EPO patent with no priority claim. That is what would happen here - the Paris convention claim would just die.</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">But I AM concerned about 'collateral damage' of PCT 90.bis.3 to the US designation (in my case, the CON).</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">The text of PCT Rule 90.bis.3 is --></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><div><p style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;border:0px;max-width:45em;color:rgb(57,57,57);font-family:Noto Sans Display,Noto Sans,Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;background-color:rgb(252,252,252)">90<i style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px">bis</i>.3 <i style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px">Withdrawal of Priority Claims</i></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 16px;padding:0px;border:0px;max-width:45em;text-indent:20px;color:rgb(57,57,57);font-family:Noto Sans Display,Noto Sans,Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;background-color:rgb(252,252,252)">(a) The applicant may withdraw a<b> priority claim</b>, made in the international application under <a href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/a8.html#_8_1" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;color:rgb(0,89,198)" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Article 8(1)</a>, at any time prior to the expiration of 30 months from the priority date.</p></div>Could we argue that the term <b>priority claim </b>is very specific, and only applies to the 'foreign priority' for the purposes of the US designation of the PCT? <b> </b></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">If yes, is this a 'bullet-proof argument'?</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Thanks,</div><div dir="ltr">Bill</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div>
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On Sunday, June 8, 2025 at 10:39:47 PM GMT+3, David Boundy <<a href="mailto:davidboundyesq@gmail.com" target="_blank">davidboundyesq@gmail.com</a>> wrote:
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<div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><span><i>"</i></span>wants the extra year for non-US national-phase entries"</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div></div><div>I don't see how this is remotely feasible after the application publishes, and after the provisional has been priority-claimed by a PCT. Look at the wording on the face of Paris Convention Article 4 <a shape="rect" href="https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/288514" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/288514</a>
Withdrawal of an earlier application is impossible after the earlier application is "<span>laid open to public inspection," "leaves any rights outstanding" (including U.S. rights), or "served as a basis for
claiming a right of priority</span>." You don't need to see case law (and this is all domestic law anyway -- U.S. case law is irrelevant). Look at the words on their face.
</div></div><br clear="none"><div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422yqt76657"><div dir="ltr">On Sun, Jun 8, 2025 at 3:29\u202fPM William Ahmed via Pct <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:pct@oppedahl-lists.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">pct@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div></div>
<div dir="ltr">Bob wrote below --></div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px">Second, alternatively, if they want to assert that the withdrawal counts in the USA, I'd say that 90</span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">bis</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px">.6 refers to a </span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">priority</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"> claim under Paris Article 4, and the </span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">benefit</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"> claim in the USA was not made under the Paris convention but rather under domestic US legislation, so the withdrawal of the </span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">priority</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"> claim per 90</span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">bis</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px">.6 is irrelevant in the USA, since the US </span><i style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;outline:none">benefit</i><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42);font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"> claim was never withdrawn.</span></span><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">This sounds good to me based on logic, but I am not as well versed in the case law as many on this list.</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">Would this argument of 'benefit vs. priority' be strong enough to rely on?</div><div dir="ltr">From a business point of view, my client would NOT risk the US date, but she definitely wants the extra year for non-US national-phase entries if it can be done without risking the US date.</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">What do people think?</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">Thanks!</div><div dir="ltr">Bill</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div></div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422m_7185861450810291947m_-3807958213653387066ydpb315f494yahoo_quoted_0174863338"><div style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:rgb(38,40,42)"><div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422m_7185861450810291947m_-3807958213653387066ydpb315f494yiv6790835588"><div><br clear="none"><div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422m_7185861450810291947m_-3807958213653387066ydpb315f494yiv6790835588yqt32530"><div dir="ltr">On Sun, Jun 8, 2025, 8:48 AM Bob Barber via Pct <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:pct@oppedahl-lists.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">pct@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div></div>
<div dir="ltr">I have a situation similar to Bill's, but which differs in two important ways: the US application is not a bypass but a straight 371; and the US patent has already been issued. More specifically:</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Applicant has a PCT application that claims the benefit/priority of a US provisional. The 30 month deadline is approaching. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Applicant entered us national stage (371 application) early and already has an issued us patent. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Applicant now wants to withdraw the priority claim in the PCT in order to delay the 30-month deadline for national phase applications. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>As Bill noted, pct rule <a shape="rect" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/rules/r90bis.html#_90bis_6" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">90bis.6<i> </i>(a)</a> says </span></div></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:medium;padding:0px"><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div dir="ltr"><span>"(a) Withdrawal under Rule 90<i>bis</i> of the international application, any designation, any priority claim, the demand or any election shall have no effect in any designated or elected Office where the processing or examination of the international application has already started under Article 23(2) or Article 40(2)." </span></div></div></blockquote><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div dir="ltr"><span>So it seems that per rule 90<i>bis</i>.6, withdrawal of the priority claim in the still-pending PCT application will not affect the benefit claim in the USA, since that benefit claim was made before withdrawal of the priority claim in the PCT application. That's good, b/c the applicant doesn't want to forego its benefit/priority claim in the USA. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>However, I don't find PCT rule 90<i>bis</i>.6 written into the statute in the USA. So in principle, an adverse party may later assert that the carve-out in PCT rule 90<i>bis</i>.6 doesn't apply in the USA, since the USA never enacted Rule90<i>bis</i>.6, and therefore the withdrawal of the priority claim in the still-pending PCT means that the issued US patent (a 371 of the PCT) is not entitled to the claimed benefit date.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>My response would be two-fold. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>First, rule 90<i>bis</i>.6 <i>does</i> apply, even in the absence of explicit US domestic legislation saying so, and so the withdrawn priority claim has no effect in the USA since national phase was already effected before the withdrawal. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Second, alternatively, if they want to assert that the withdrawal counts in the USA, I'd say that 90<i>bis</i>.6 refers to a <i>priority</i> claim under Paris Article 4, and the <i>benefit</i> claim in the USA was not made under the Paris convention but rather under domestic US legislation, so the withdrawal of the <i>priority</i> claim per 90<i>bis</i>.6 is irrelevant in the USA, since the US <i>benefit</i> claim was never withdrawn.</span><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br clear="none"></span></div><div dir="ltr">Anyone see holes in this? </div><div><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">Bob</div>
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On Tuesday, May 20, 2025 at 10:24:00 AM GMT+3, William Ahmed via Pct <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:pct@oppedahl-lists.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">pct@oppedahl-lists.com</a>> wrote:
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<div><div id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422m_7185861450810291947m_-3807958213653387066ydpb315f494yiv6790835588m_-8820725382791406962yiv4651912555"><div><div style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div dir="ltr">Dear List,</div><div dir="ltr">My question is below under "MY QUESTION TO THE LIST."</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">BACKGROUND</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">(A) On Jan 15, 2023, we filed a US provisional -- serial number 63/XXX,XXX</div><div dir="ltr">(B) On Jan 15 2024, we refiled the US provisional as a PCT (serial number <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF)</span></span>, claiming Paris convention priority to the US provisional <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">63/XXX,XXX</span></span></div><div dir="ltr">(C) In Feb 2024 the PCT entered the USA as a 111 bypass as US non-provisional 18/ZZZ,ZZZ</div><div dir="ltr">with the following two two domestic benefit claims </div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">(1) 18/ZZZ,ZZZ is a CON of <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF filed on Jan 15, 2024</span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">(2) PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF claims priority to US provisional <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">63/XXX,XXX filed on Jan 15, 2023</span></span></span></span><br clear="none"></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">NOTE - the invention was NOT disclosed by the client before July 2024 when WIPO published <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">SITUATION NOW </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">(i) US non-provisional 18/ZZZ,ZZZ is pending and has not received an office action. A filing receipt with the both domestic claims mailed in March 2024</div><div dir="ltr">(ii) the 30 month deadline of <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF is on July 15, 2025.</span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">(iii) the client has absolutely NO money for non-USA national-stage entries. They used to have money - now it's gone</span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">(iv) the client is optimistic that they will get money in late 2025 or early 2026</span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">(v) the client wants to <span>Withdraw the Priority Claim [Under Rule 90bis.3] to U<span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">S provisional </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">63/XXX,XXX [filed Jan 15, 2023] - this would reset the PCT's clock,</span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">and the national-phase entry deadline of <span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">PCT/IB2024/ABCDEF would move from July 2025 to July 2026</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr">MY CONCERN</div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><br clear="none"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif">If we withdraw priority in WIPO/PCT, I am concerned about 111 bypass filed in Feb 2024</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr">There is no direct domestic benefit claim from the 111 bypass to the US provisional - the domestic benefit claim of the 111 bypass to the US provisional is "via the PCT"</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">MY QUESTION TO THE LIST --> </div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">If I now withdraw the priority claim from the PCT to the US provisional, would that void the domestic benefit claim from the PCT to the US provisional which was recognized by the </div><div dir="ltr">USPTO in the March 2024 filing receipt for the 111 bypass ?</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">I *think* that we are OK under "<span>90bis.6 Effect of Withdrawal"</span><span></span><ul style="margin:0px 0px 7px;padding:0px 0px 0px 3px;border:0px;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:11.2px;line-height:1.3em;font-family:Tahoma,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;list-style-type:none;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><li id="m_7694497954089296750yiv4213694422m_7185861450810291947m_-3807958213653387066ydpb315f494yiv6790835588m_-8820725382791406962yiv4651912555ydpf3ae27f8d0e182519" style="margin:0px 0px 5px;padding:0px 0px 0px 17px;list-style:none;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background:no-repeat">(a) Withdrawal under <b><a shape="rect" href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e377369" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(3,29,78);text-decoration-line:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Rule 90bis</a></b> of the international application, any designation, any priority claim, the demand or any election shall have no effect in any designated or elected Office where the processing or examination of the international application has already started under <b><a shape="rect" href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363691" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(3,29,78);text-decoration-line:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Article 23(2)</a></b> or <b><a shape="rect" href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e364373" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(3,29,78);text-decoration-line:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Article 40(2)</a></b>.</li></ul></div><div dir="ltr">but I know that in this business, there are traps, especially with these kinds of procedures.</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">THOUGHTS ??</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">IF you read this far, a WARM thank you.</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">What do you think?</div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none"></div><div dir="ltr">Thanks,</div><div dir="ltr">Bill </div></div></div></div>-- <br clear="none">Pct mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="mailto:Pct@oppedahl-lists.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Pct@oppedahl-lists.com</a><br clear="none">Click here to unsubscribe: <a shape="rect" href="http://oppedahl-lists.com/mailman/listinfo/pct_oppedahl-lists.com" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">http://oppedahl-lists.com/mailman/listinfo/pct_oppedahl-lists.com</a><br clear="none"> <br clear="none"></div>
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